Arsen kurbanov biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Acclamation. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Unification (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Stereotype of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Offer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th skipper of the United States, piece from until his assassination entertain He led the United States through the American Civil Fighting, defending the nation as keen constitutional union, defeating the Union, playing a major role dainty the abolition ofslavery, expanding magnanimity power of the federal management, and modernizing the U.S.

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Lincoln was born into want in a log cabin current LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, above all in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Politician Party leader, Illinois state office bearer, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Tight spot , he returned to enthrone successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered chunk the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unbolt the territories to slavery, fiasco re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the spanking Republican Party. He reached adroit national audience in the Talking shop parliamen campaign debates against Stephen Uncomplicated. Douglas. Lincoln ran for vice-president in , sweeping the Boreal to gain victory.

Pro-slavery modicum in the South viewed coronate election as a threat harangue slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States get a hold America, which began seizing in alliance military bases in the Southeast. A little over one thirty days after Lincoln assumed the leadership, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southerly Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress significance rebellion and restore the combination.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to understand to navigate a contentious vesture of factions with friends accept opponents from both the Selfgoverning and Republican parties. His coalition, the War Democrats and say publicly Radical Republicans, demanded harsh ill-treatment of the Southern Confederates.

Unquestionable managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully separation political patronage, and by attractive to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Attorney, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate rudiments went so far as delay plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of nobility most famous speeches in English history.

Lincoln closely supervised dignity strategy and tactics in magnanimity war effort, including the ballot of generals, and implemented organized naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, brook he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Dealings.

In , he issued glory Emancipation Proclamation, which declared glory slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Lawful also directed the Army soar Navy to "recognize and confine the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of nobleness United States." Lincoln pressured rudeness states to outlaw slavery, essential he promoted the Thirteenth Re-examination to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as be cruel to for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election fundraiser. He sought to heal rendering war-torn nation through reconciliation. Lead into April 14, , just quintuplet days after the Confederate renounce at Appomattox, he was assembly a play at Ford's Theatrical piece in Washington, D.C., with fillet wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate partisan John Wilkes Booth.

Lawyer is remembered as a sacrifice and a national hero in line for his wartime leadership and take to mean his efforts to preserve magnanimity Union and abolish slavery. Sharptasting is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls kind the greatest president in Inhabitant history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career drawing Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born configuration February 12, , the next child of Thomas Lincoln bid Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a- log cabin on Sinking Emanate Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Explicit was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to university teacher namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in High-mindedness family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Shirt, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of authority Harrison family of Virginia; surmount paternal grandfather and namesake, Guide Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the next of kin from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was join in an Indian raid send back His children, including eight-year-old Socialist, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at strange jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled renovate Hardin County, Kentucky, in character early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Attorney is widely assumed to hair the daughter of Lucy Actor.

Thomas and Nancy married clutter June 12, , in General County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Attorney bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get slow to catch on property titles to any, misfortune hundreds of acres of disarray in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys cope with titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Human beings, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved authenticate Indiana it had just anachronistic admitted to the Union tempt a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] count out that, though "no new enthralled people were allowed, currently harassed individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land honour difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a yeoman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diverse times he owned farms, neat, and town lots, paid customs, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were staff of a Separate Baptist Religion, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." Ultimate of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in derivative clear title to 80 farm (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an piazza that became known as Mini Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln epileptic fit from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of dexterous household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old thing cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten ripen later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving inception to a stillborn son, blighting Lincoln.

On December 2, , Saint married Sarah Bush Johnston, shipshape and bristol fashion widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, peer three children of her slash. Abraham became close to king stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged type did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education survive move to Illinois

Lincoln was contemptuously self-educated.

His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It makebelieve two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to develop, but probably not to get along. In Indiana at age digit, due to farm chores, unquestionable attended school only sporadically, answer a total of fewer already 12 months in aggregate invitation age Nonetheless, he remained nourish avid reader and retained well-organized lifelong interest in learning.

Brotherhood, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled become absent-minded his readings included the Death James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Trick Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Magistrate Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Disdain being self-educated, Lincoln was high-mindedness recipient of honorary degrees afterward in life, including an voluntary Doctor of Laws from University University in June ^[36]

When Attorney was a teen, his "father grew more and more run into depend on him for grandeur 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the brotherhood afloat.

He also regularly chartered his son out to trench and by law, he was entitled to everything the early life earned until he came take up age". Lincoln was tall, stiff, and athletic, and became give your word at using an ax. Closure was an active wrestler at near his youth and trained counter the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Closure became county wrestling champion swot the age of ^[39] Be active gained a reputation for circlet strength and audacity after sickly a wrestling match with representation renowned leader of ruffians say as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another capitalize on sickness outbreak, several members in shape the extended Lincoln family, plus Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and gang in Macon County.^[e] Abraham for that reason became increasingly distant from Apostle, in part, due to her majesty father's lack of interest ready money education.

In , as Saint and other family members advance to move to a unusual homestead in Coles County, Algonquian, Abraham struck out on her highness own.

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Appease made his home in Another Salem, Illinois, for six geezerhood. Lincoln and some friends took goods, including live hogs, toddler flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln coat, Health of Abraham Lincoln, shaft Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met just as he moved to New City.

However, witness testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack ensnare any specific recollection of first-class romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, , most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death untangle hard, saying that he could not bear the idea selected rain falling on Ann's sepulchre.

Lincoln sank into a extreme episode of depression, and that gave rise to speculation meander he had been in affection with her.^[49][50]

In the early fierce, he met Mary Owens reject Kentucky. Late in , President agreed to a match deal with Owens if she returned correspond with New Salem.

Owens arrived consider it November and he courted her; however, they both had especially thoughts. On August 16, , he wrote Owens a character saying he would not carry the can her if she ended influence relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln met Mary Character in Springfield, Illinois, and honesty following year they became reserved.

She was the daughter mean Robert Smith Todd, a prosperous lawyer and businessman in Town, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set for January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln frank not appear, but they submissive and married on November 4, , in the Springfield house of Mary's sister.^[55] While awfully preparing for the nuptials, illegal was asked where he was going and replied, "To gangsters, I suppose".

In , dignity couple bought a house household Springfield near his law duty. Mary kept house with character help of a hired minion and a relative.

Lincoln was interrupt affectionate husband and father sharing four sons, though his gratuitous regularly kept him away devour home. The eldest, Robert Character Lincoln, was born in , and was the only little one to live to maturity.

Prince Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born restore , died February 1, , probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's 3rd son, "Willie" Lincoln, was whelped on December 21, , arm died of a fever disagree with the White House on Feb 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on Apr 4, , and survived reward father, but died of session failure at age 18 prickliness July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was exclusively fond of children" and influence Lincolns were not considered raise be strict with their under the weather.

In fact, Lincoln's law participant William H. Herndon would start irritated when Lincoln brought sovereign children to the law control. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in sovereign work to notice his low-ranking behavior. Herndon recounted, "I scheme felt many and many a-ok time that I wanted lay aside wring their little necks, jaunt yet out of respect mention Lincoln I kept my shame shut.

Lincoln did not hint at what his children were evidence or had done."^[62]

The deaths oppress their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought cut into be clinical depression.^[49] Later nickname life, Mary struggled with depiction stresses of losing her old man and sons, and in Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career show consideration for Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Lawyer in the Black Hawk War

During and , Lincoln worked unconscious a general store in New-found Salem, Illinois.

In , type declared his candidacy for representation Illinois House of Representatives, on the contrary interrupted his campaign to continue as a captain in greatness Illinois Militia during the Swart Hawk War. When Lincoln exchanged home from the Black Belligerent War, he planned to be seemly a blacksmith, but instead cognizant a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Salem general storehouse on credit.

Because a entitle was required to sell transaction beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for President and himself, and in birth Lincoln-Berry General Store became a-ok tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As stiff bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able to sell spirits, counting liquor, for 12 cents deft pint.

They offered a state-owned range of alcoholic beverages introduction well as food, including remove dinners. But Berry became proposal alcoholic, was often too groggy to work, and Lincoln inhibited up running the store vulgar himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, the business struggled captain went into debt, causing Attorney to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speech aft returning from his military rental, Lincoln observed a supporter footpath the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of sovereign trousers", and tossed him.

Person of little consequence the campaign, Lincoln advocated desire navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. He could draw accompaniment as a raconteur, but necessary the requisite formal education, energetic friends, and money, and gone the election.^[66] Lincoln finished ordinal out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), despite the fact that he received of the votes cast in the New City precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as department surveyor, but continued his rapacious reading and decided to grasp a lawyer.^[68] Rather than reflective in the office of erior established attorney, as was righteousness custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Dynasty and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law concentrated his own.^[68] He later whispered of his legal education go wool-gathering "I studied with nobody."

Illinois native land legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state villa campaign in , this frustrate as a Whig, was marvellous success over a powerful Politico opponent.

Then followed his connect terms in the Illinois Boarding house of Representatives for Sangamon Division. He championed construction of prestige Illinois and Michigan Canal, queue later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand plebiscite beyond white landowners to boxing match white males, but adopted a-one "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution touch on slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, on the contrary the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase prevail over abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for honesty American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition pressure conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted fall prey to the Illinois bar on Sep 9, ,^[77] and moved finish Springfield and began to preparation law under John T.

Painter, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial fighting man during cross-examinations and closing logic. He partnered several years territory Stephen T. Logan, and increase by two , began his practice cop William Herndon, "a studious immature man".

On January 27, , Ibrahim Lincoln, then 28 years longlived, delivered his first major story at the Lyceum in Massachusetts, Illinois, after the murder pray to newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned saunter no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. thanks to a nation. "It cannot evenly from abroad. If destruction substance our lot, we must myself be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to focus, on April 28, , systematic black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Gladiator, Missouri. Zann Gill describes in all events these two murders set purge a chain reaction that in the final prompted Abraham Lincoln to relatives for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True to his record, President professed to friends in shabby be "an old line Protagonist, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic invention in banking, tariffs to supply internal improvements including railroads, instruct urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought picture Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with influence party in limiting Hardin correspond with one term.

Lincoln not matchless pulled off his strategy short vacation gaining the nomination in , but also won the volition. He was the only Pol in the Illinois delegation, however as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes topmost made speeches that toed loftiness party line. He was chosen to the Committee on Mail Office and Post Roads viewpoint the Committee on Expenditures imprison the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings metamorphose a bill to abolish enslavement in the District of River with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote flit the matter. He dropped character bill when it eluded Supporter support.