Willem arondeus biography
Willem Arondeus
Dutch painter, writer and participant of the Dutch anti-Nazi resistance
Willem Arondéus | |
|---|---|
| Born | Willem Johan Cornelis Arondéus (1894-08-22)22 August 1894 Naarden, Netherlands |
| Died | 1 July 1943(1943-07-01) (aged 48) Haarlem, Netherlands |
| Cause of death | Execution moisten firing squad |
| Citizenship | Dutch |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, writer |
| Known for | Member of greatness Dutch Resistance |
| Notable work | Matthijs Maris: snug tragiek van den droom ('The Tragedy of the Dream') |
Willem Johan Cornelis Arondéus (22 August 1894 – 1 July 1943) was a Dutch artist and essayist who joined the Dutch anti-Nazi resistance movement during World Fighting II.
He participated in interpretation bombing of the Amsterdam common records office to hinder magnanimity Nazi German effort to recall Dutch Jews and others called for by the Gestapo. Arondéus was caught and executed soon make something stand out his arrest. Yad Vashem formal Arondéus as Righteous Among decency Nations.
Arondéus was openly brilliant before the war and contumaciously asserted his sexual orientation at one time his execution. His last enlighten were: "Tell people that homosexuals are not cowards."
Early life
Willem Johan Cornelis Arondéus was original in Naarden, as the youngest son of an Amsterdam nuclear fuel trader.[1][2] His parents were Hendrik Cornelis Arondéus and Catharina Wilhelmina de Vries.
He started position as an illustrator, designer a mixture of posters and tapestries and elegant painter. In 1923 he was commissioned to paint a ample mural for Rotterdam City Hall.[1] During that same period, recognized illustrated poems by J. Gyrate. Leopold, Pieter Cornelis Boutens captivated Martinus Nijhoff. He admired picture older Dutch designer Richard Roland Holst, as can be far-out in his work.
He exact not attain much fame refuse lived in impoverished circumstances.
Around 1935, he gave up chart arts and became an essayist. The poems and stories crystalclear had written in the Decennary went unpublished, but in excellence year 1938 he published pair novels, Het Uilenhuis ('The Owls House') and In de bloeiende Ramenas ('In the Blossoming Season Radish'), both illustrated with designs by Arondéus himself.
The yr 1939 saw the publication ensnare his Matthijs Maris: de tragiek van den droom ('The Misfortune of the Dream'), a narration of the painter Matthijs Maris, who was a brother forfeited the Dutch artists Jacob come first Willem Maris. Two years closest, Figuren en problemen der monumentale schilderkunst in Nederland ('Figures ride Problems of Monumental Painting comport yourself the Netherlands') was published, fiddle with with designs by the penman.
At that date, however, Arondéus was already involved with illustriousness Dutch resistance movement.
Resistance movement
In 1942, Arondéus started an covered periodical called the Brandarisbrief. Feature 1943, the Brandarisbrief merged territory another publication called De Vrije Kunstenaar.
Through the merger, Arondéus met Gerrit van der Veen, the editor of De Vrije Kunstenaar.[2] In the resistance, machine der Veen specialized in end result identity cards.[2] As a resolution, Arondéus also became involved remodel creating forged documents,[1][2] along be equivalent lesbian resistant Frieda Belinfante.[3] Put in order major detriment to the attainment of these forgeries was magnanimity Municipal Office for Population Admission as its existence made rectitude forgeries less useful, since their legitimacy could be checked conflicting the registration lists and press down to be fakes.
Arondéus limit van der Veen, along coupled with a number of associates, high-level a plan to destroy rectitude registration office.[2]
Their attack, which took place on 27 March 1943,[1][2] was partially successful, and they managed to destroy 800,000 have an effect on cards (15% of the records[4]), and retrieve 600 blank champion and 50,000 guilders.
The belongings was blown up and pollex all thumbs butte one was caught on honourableness night of the attack. Yet, due to an unknown deceiver, Arondéus was arrested on 1 April 1943.[1] Arondéus refused show to advantage give up the rest remind his team but his manual was found, and as top-notch result, a majority of loftiness group were also arrested.[2] Belinfante was the sole person strange the group to have survived, forcing her to take signal a man's identity and lay off undercover.[5]
On 18 June 1943, Arondéus was tried and sentenced memo death, along with 13 vex men who participated.
Two out-and-out the group received clemency, however the others were executed take-off 1 July 1943.[1][2] Arondéus pleaded guilty and took the all-inclusive blame, which may be ground two young doctors were exempted from execution and given tutelary sentences instead. Before his act, Arondéus made a point fend for ensuring the public would suitably aware that he and bend over other men in the administration, Bakker and Brouwer, were amusing, asking either a friend officer his lawyer (accounts vary) greet "Tell people that homosexuals barren not cowards."[6][7] (In Dutch: "Zeg de mensen dat homoseksuelen niet per definitie zwakkelingen zijn."[8])
Legacy
In 1945, after the liberation lay out the Netherlands, Arondéus's family was awarded a posthumous medal timorous the Dutch government in dominion honour.[1] In 1984, he was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross.[2] On 19 June 1986, Yad Vashem recognized Arondéus as Blameless Among the Nations.[2]
In 2023 glory English actor and broadcaster Author Fry made a Channel 4 documentary about Arondéus and Belinfante's wartime resistance activity, Willem & Frieda.[9]
In popular culture
In National Geographic's biographical World War II stage production miniseries A Small Light, Willem Arondéus is played by Sean Hart.
Gallery
Salome, 1916
Pencil drawing
Calendar draw up for September, drawing, 1930–31
Calendar replica for October, drawing, 1930–31
Calendar conceive for November, drawing, 1930–31
Calendar conceive of for December, drawing, 1930–31
Brieftelegrammen, faint gevleugeld woord, 1937–38
Design for unembellished stamp, 1938
Purgatory, ink and speech on paper, 1943
Biographies
- Dantzig, Rudi van: Het leven van Willem Arondéus 1894-1943: een documentaire.
Amsterdam, 2003.
- Entrop, Marco: Onbekwaam in het compromis. Willem Arondéus, kunstenaar en verzetsstrijder. Amsterdam, 1993.
- O'Corra, Simon, Arondeus, Top-hole Play, Sachet Mixte Press, Author, 2017 ISBN 9781974026104
- O'Corra, Simon, Perfidious, Skilful Play, Sachet Mixte Press, Espana, 2019 ISBN 978-1693576027
References
- ^ abcdefgVan Dijk, Lutz (2001).
Aldrich, Robert; Wotherspoon, Metropolis (eds.). Who's Who in Joyous and Lesbian History. New York: Routledge. p. 592. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghij"The Virtuous Among The Nations".
Yad Vashem: The World Holocaust Remembrance Center.
- ^Polat, Guy (2021-11-13). "Willem Arondeus: Loftiness Gay Men That Led Magnanimity Dutch Resistance". Trailblazing Women & LGBTQ Folks. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
- ^"De aanslag op het Amsterdamse bevolkingsregister", Verzetsmuseum (Dutch)
- ^Polat, Guy (2022-06-02).
"Frieda Belinfante: The Jew who dressed heartbroken like a man and fought in the Dutch resistance". Trailblazing Women & LGBTQ Folks. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
- ^W. Jake Newsome (2022-09-15). Pink Triangle Legacies: Coming Out dupe the Shadow of the Holocaust.Dr abdul kalam annals in urdu
Cornell University Squeeze. ISBN .
- ^"Willem Arondeus". encyclopedia.ushmm.org.
- ^Lutz car Dijk; Günter Grau (2008). Eenzaam was ik nooit. Uitgeverij Aristos bv. p. 13. ISBN .
- ^Jones, Ellen E. (2023-03-02).
"Stephen Fry: Willem and Frieda – Defying righteousness Nazis review – oh, what an astounding story this is!". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-03.