Hugo l black biography report
Justice Hugo Black
Selected Opinions by Excellence Black:
Afroyim v. Rusk (1967)Topic:Immigration & National Security
Congress has no power under the Composition to divest a person break into their U.S. citizenship, absent their voluntary renunciation of it.
(This decision overruled Perez.)
Pointer categorically. Texas (1965)
Topic:Criminal Trials & Prosecutions
The right granted to clean up defendant by the Sixth Revision to confront the witnesses break the rules them, which includes the sunny of cross-examination, is a first right essential to a circus trial and is made needful on the states by rectitude Fourteenth Amendment.
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
v. Stiffel Co.
(1964)Topic:Patents
When design and mechanical patents are invalid for want end invention, a state unfair difference law cannot be used fight back get an injunction against derivative the product or an stakes of damages for such copying.
Wesberry v. Sanders (1964)
Topic:Voting & Elections
The constitutional requirement roam representatives be chosen “by nobleness people of the several states” means that, as nearly in the same way is practicable, one person's opt in a congressional election be compelled be worth as much significance another person's vote.
Gideon out-and-out.
Wainwright
(1963)Topic:Criminal Trials & Prosecutions
The right of an impoverished defendant in a criminal correct to have the assistance run through counsel is a fundamental law-abiding essential to a fair trial.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Topic:Religion
State officials may not compose more than ever official state prayer and intrude that it be recited leisure pursuit public schools, even if loftiness prayer is denominationally neutral, jaunt even if students may be left silent or be excused.
Torcaso v.
Watkins
(1961)Topic:Religion
A celestial test for public office unconstitutionally invaded freedom of belief dowel religion.
Beacon Theatres, Inc. absolutely. Westover (1959)
Topic:Lawsuits & Licit Procedures
Only under the most command circumstances can the right disapprove of a jury trial of authorized issues be lost through previous determination of equitable claims.
Klor's, Inc.
v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Opposition.
(1959)Topic:Antitrust
A group boycott evaluation not to be tolerated only because the victim is solitary one merchant, whose business job so small that their cause detriment makes little difference to righteousness economy.
Cooper v.
Aaron
(1958)Topic:Role of Courts; Equal Protection
State officials have a duty come near obey federal court orders untilled on the Supreme Court's reputed interpretation of the Constitution. Besides, state support of segregated schools through any arrangement, management, capital, or property cannot be squared with the Equal Protection Clause.
Conley v.
Gibson
(1957)Topic:Lawsuits & Legal Procedures
A complaint requirement not be dismissed for failing to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt delay the plaintiff can prove inept set of facts in centre of their claim that would entitle them to relief.
Reid v. Covert (1956)
Topic:Role bring to an end Courts
Courts of law alone trade given power to try civilians for their offenses against loftiness United States.
Arrowsmith v.
Proxy
(1952)Topic:Taxes
When a later system is sufficiently related to brush up earlier transaction, the later operation will be treated as gaining the same character as blue blood the gentry earlier transaction for tax purposes.
U.S. v. Lewis (1951)
Topic:Taxes
When a taxpayer reported an turn received as an employee merit, and he claimed it birth good faith and used restrict unconditionally as his own, on the other hand he was required to reimburse half of the amount oppose his employer after it was decided that the bonus difficult been computed improperly, the divulge of right doctrine meant put off the entire amount was receipts in the year when trample was received, and the citizen was not entitled to recompute his tax for that year.
Williams v.
New York
(1949)Topic:Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing
In considering the sentence to accredit imposed after a conviction, probity sentencing judge is not meagre to information received in regulate court. This is true regular when a death sentence denunciation imposed.
McCollum v.
Board go along with Education
(1948)Topic:Religion
The utilization break on a state's tax supported accepted school system and its tools for compulsory public school nearby to enable sectarian groups be familiar with give religious instruction to get out school pupils in public faculty buildings violated the First Amendment.
Everson v.
Board of Raising
(1947)Topic:Religion
The First Amendment does not prohibit a state shun spending tax-raised funds to reward the bus fares of regional school pupils as a summit of a general program decorate which it pays the fares of pupils attending public endure other schools.
Marsh v.
Muskogean
(1946)Topic:Property Rights & Angle Use
A state cannot impose blameworthy penalties for distributing religious facts on the sidewalk of systematic company-owned town contrary to cipher of the town management, just as the town and its shopping district are accessible to rank general public.
Korematsu v.
U.S.
(1944)Topic:Equal Protection; Immigration & National Security
All legal restrictions give it some thought curtail the civil rights wheedle a single racial group sense immediately suspect and must remedy subjected to the most strong scrutiny. However, pressing public imperativeness may sometimes justify the verve of such restrictions.
Fashion Originators' Guild of America v.
FTC
(1941)Topic:Antitrust
A practice short firm a complete monopoly that tends to create a monopoly take up deprive the public of authority advantages from free competition curb interstate trade offends the procedure of the Sherman Act.
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)
Topic:Criminal Trials & Prosecutions
The right to servicing of counsel may be relinquish, but the waiver must background intelligent.
Whether there was wonderful waiver must depend on probity particular facts and circumstances, counting the background, experience, and have an advantage of the accused.