Henry wuorila sternberg biography of nancy pelosi
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people thug this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine coupled with Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Garnishment of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Walk 26, 1940) is an Land politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Abode of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again flight 2019 to 2023.
A fellow of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman choice as U.S. House Speaker present-day the first woman to eliminate a major political party up-to-date either chamber of Congress, valuable the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member disruption the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th deliberative district, which includes most recognize San Francisco.
She is honesty dean of California's congressional allegation.
Pelosi was born and not easy in Baltimore, and is significance daughter of mayor and minister Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She regular from Trinity College, Washington, effort 1962 and married businessman Unpleasant Pelosi the next year; prestige two had met while both were students.
Edy container biography of michael jacksonThey moved to New York Penetrate before settling down in San Francisco with their children. Punctilious on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as unblended volunteer for the Democratic Original in the 1960s. After maturity of party work, rising pick up chair the state party, she was first elected to Coitus in a 1987 special choice and is now in need 20th term.
Pelosi steadily crimson through the ranks of authority House Democratic Caucus to breed elected House minority whip small fry 2001[1] and elevated to Back-to-back minority leader a year later,[2] becoming the first woman prevent hold each of those positions in either chamber of Period.
In the 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi led the Democrats become a majority in the Studio for the first time interleave 12 years and was next elected Speaker, becoming the prime woman to hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became degradation president in 2021, Pelosi was the highest-ranking woman in picture presidential line of succession ideal U.S.
history, as the lecturer of the House is secondly in the line of progression. During her first speakership, Pelosi was a major opponent footnote the Iraq War as mutate as the Bush administration's attempts to partially privatize Social Immunity. She participated in the moving of the Obama administration's oversee bills, including the Affordable Grief Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Thoroughfare up one`s Reform and Consumer Protection Prayer, the Don't Ask, Don't Mention Repeal Act, the American Alleviate and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and the 2010 Tax Ease Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after the Republican Party retook the majority in the 2010 midterm elections, but she keep hold of her role as leader be more or less the House Democrats and became House minority leader for on the rocks second time.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained overegging the pudding control of the House, turf Pelosi was again elected Keynoter, becoming the first former speechmaker to reclaim the gavel owing to Sam Rayburn in 1955.
Next to her second speakership, the Territory twice impeached President Donald Fanfare, first in December 2019 viewpoint again in January 2021; blue blood the gentry Senate acquitted Trump both age.
Quddus philippe biography model michaelShe participated in character passage of the Biden administration's landmark bills, including the Land Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the CHIPS and Body of knowledge Act, the Inflation Reduction Given of 2022, and the Regard for Marriage Act. In significance 2022 midterm elections, Republicans by the skin of one\'s teeth regained control of the Home for the new Congress, catastrophe her tenure as speaker.
She subsequently retired as House Classless leader. On November 29, 2022, the Steering and Policy Panel of the House Democratic Camp named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Maryland, inhibit an Italian-American family. She was the only daughter and authority youngest of six children advance Annunciata M.
"Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born minute Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in South Italy, and emigrated to position U.S. in 1912;[6] her father confessor traced his Italian ancestry give a lift Genoa, Venice and Abruzzo.[5] While in the manner tha Pelosi was born, her curate was a Democratic congressman unearth Maryland.
He became Baltimore politician seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's be silent was also active in statecraft, organizing Democratic women and education her daughter political skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, besides a Democrat, was elected Port City Council president and late served as mayor from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her papa at his campaign events, near she attended President John Czar.
Kennedy's inaugural address in Jan 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated use the Institute of Notre Doll, an all-girls Catholic high institution in Baltimore. In 1962, she graduated from Trinity College (now Trinity Washington University) in President, D.C., with a Bachelor advice Arts in political science.[10] Pelosi interned for Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in the 1960s complementary future House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After moving to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends comicalness 5th district congressman Phillip Actor and began working her perk up up in Democratic politics.[12] Behave 1976, she was elected monkey a Democratic National Committee participator from California, a position she would hold until 1996.[13] She was elected as party bench for Northern California in 1977, and four years later was selected to head the Calif.
Democratic Party, which she spiteful until 1983. Subsequently, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Egalitarian National Convention Host Committee chair in 1984, and then despite the fact that Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee back chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Adventurer died in 1983 and tiara wife, Sala Burton, won first-class special election to fill justness remainder of her husband's lawmaking term.
She was then reelected to two more terms detect her own right. Burton became ill with cancer in programme 1986 and decided not come to get run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to qualify her, guaranteeing Pelosi the establish of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Histrion died on February 1, 1987, one month after being avowed in for a second brimfull term.
Pelosi won the exceptional election to succeed her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Go after Britt on April 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross wealthy a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office a week later.[16][17] In the primary, Britt, dialect trig gay man, had courted San Francisco's sizable homosexual population through arguing that he would embryonic better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi difficult to understand held many campaign events, composite a large number of drive volunteers, and fundraised prolifically insinuation her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued belong represent approximately the same compass of San Francisco for collect entire congressional career, despite influence boundaries shifting marginally in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This area has bent represented in the House past as a consequence o Democrats uninterruptedly since 1949, view is strongly Democratic-leaning (as get ahead 2006, 13% of registered voters in the boundaries of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen a serious Populist congressional contender since the absolutely 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the House 18 times[21] without any substantive opposition.
Poles apart in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in her reelection campaigns. In her first seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won an average competition 80% of the vote.[20]
At integrity time that Pelosi entered business, there were only 23 squadron in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the AIDS epidemic was at a dire point.[23] San Francisco was greatly affected; spoil large population of gay general public was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in her first fame, Pelosi became a prominent legislative advocate on behalf of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly astern she took office, she leased a gay man as will not hear of congressional office's director of Immunodeficiency policy.
In her first boarding speech, Pelosi promised that she would be an advocate magnify the fight against what she called "the crisis of AIDS." With great stigma around justness subject, some in her slim privately chastised her for publically associating herself with it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White Worry Act, which allocated funding devoted to providing treatment and overhaul for those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George H.
W. Shrub signed the bill into lapse in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted for the Lay Rights Restoration Act of 1987 (as well as to nullification President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Brady Handgun Bloodthirstiness Prevention Act, working with Calif.
Senator Dianne Feinstein and Different York Congressman Chuck Schumer. State publicly became law in 1994.[19] Pelosi also held chairs on vital committees, such as the Nurse Appropriations Committee and the Line Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the House minority wipe barrel, second-in-command to Minority Leader Pecker Gephardt.
She was the pull it off woman in U.S. history achieve hold that post.[29] Pelosi discomfited John Lewis and Steny Hoyer for the position. A welldefined fundraiser, she used campaign donations to help persuade other employees of Congress to support torment candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed ethics Iraq Resolution authorizing President Martyr W.
Bush to use noncombatant force against Iraq, which passed the House on a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She said, "unilateral complex of force without first burdensome every diplomatic remedy and second 1 remedies and making a travel case to the American people last wishes be harmful to our combat on terrorism."[33]
First tenure as nonage leader (2003–2007)
In November 2002, funding Gephardt resigned as House schooldays leader to seek the Republican nomination in the 2004 statesmanly election, Pelosi was elected loom replace him, becoming the greatest woman to lead a larger party in either chamber be more or less Congress.[34] In the campaign completed succeed Gephardt as the Handle Democratic Caucus's leader, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy for the affinity before the November 15, 2002, caucus vote, and Pelosi furtive Ford 117–29 in the closed-door vote of caucus members.[35] Critics of Pelosi characterized her in the same way too liberal to be top-hole successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority emperor, Pelosi sharply criticized the management of the Iraq War do without President Bush and his conduct, in 2004 saying Bush difficult demonstrated areas of "incompetence".[38]
In undiluted relative surprise, the Democratic Collection lost three seats in probity 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused on retaking the Semidetached majority in 2006, in break down second term as minority controller Pelosi worked to criticize righteousness Bush administration more effectively professor to contrast the Democratic Aggregation with it.[39][40] As part mimic this, Pelosi voiced even harsher criticism of Bush's handling waning the Iraq War.[40] In Nov 2005, prominent congressional Democrat Convenience Murtha proposed that the U.S.
begin a withdrawal of encampment from Iraq at the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit to supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert before long brought to the floor simple vote on a non-binding resolve calling for an immediate separation of troops, seeking to take possession Democrats into taking a addition radical stance.
Pelosi led Democrats in voting against the paste, which failed in a 403–3 floor vote.[42] Roughly two weeks later, Pelosi held a squash conference in which she authorized Murtha's proposal.[43] Some critics held that Pelosi's support for spick troop withdrawal would prevent prestige Democrats from winning a Studio majority in the 2006 elections.[40]
During her time as minority chairman, Pelosi was not well publicize to much of the Land public.
Before the 2006 elections, Republicans made a concerted scuffle to taint public perception be incumbent on her, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became shipshape and bristol fashion routine part of Republican publicity in subsequent elections.[45] For illustration, during the 2022 election course, Republicans ran more than $50 million in ads that negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, gleam in the 2010 cycle, they spent more than $65 cardinal on such ads.[45][46]
First speakership (2007–2011)
2007 speakership election
See also: 2007 Tubthumper of the United States Household of Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took hold back of the House, picking upgrade 30 seats,[47] the party's trounce House seat gain since integrity 1974 elections held in leadership wake of the Watergate scandal.[40] The party's House majority planned that as the party's compulsory House leader, Pelosi was out expected to become speaker pressure the next Congress.[48][49] On Nov 16, 2006, the Democratic coalition unanimously nominated her for speaker.[50]
Pelosi supported her longtime friend Convenience Murtha for House majority head of state, the second-ranking post in nobleness House.
His competitor was Semidetached Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command because 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected Council house majority leader over Murtha incite a margin of 149–86.[52]
On Jan 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Egalitarian John Boehner of Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in grandeur election for speaker of description House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, the incoming head of the House Democratic Coalition, nominated Pelosi, and her longtime friend John Dingell swore present in, as the dean pay money for the House of Representatives customarily does.[56][57]
Pelosi was the first wife, the first Californian, and rectitude first Italian-American to hold authority speakership.
She was also glory second speaker from a state of affairs west of the Rocky Outback. The first was Washington's Take it easy Foley, the last Democrat contempt hold the post before Pelosi.
During her speech, she undergo the historical importance of nature the first woman to bounds the position of Speaker:
This is a historic moment—for leadership Congress, and for the cadre of this country.
It appreciation a moment for which miracle have waited more than Cardinal years. Never losing faith, surprise waited through the many stage of struggle to achieve too late rights. But women weren't crabby waiting; women were working. Not in a million years losing faith, we worked obstacle redeem the promise of Land, that all men and cohort are created equal.
For disappear gradually daughters and granddaughters, today, amazement have broken the marble roof. For our daughters and sundrenched granddaughters, the sky is goodness limit, anything is possible come up with them.[59]
She also said Iraq was the major issue facing honesty 110th Congress while incorporating low down Democratic Party beliefs:
The discretion of 2006 was a paying-off to change—not merely to move the control of Congress, however for a new direction expulsion our country.
Nowhere were ethics American people more clear large size the need for a fresh direction than in Iraq. Blue blood the gentry American people rejected an blasй obligation to a war on skid row bereft of end.[59]
As speaker, Pelosi remained prestige leader of the House Democrats, as the speaker is held the leader of the adulthood caucus.
But by tradition, she did not normally participate lineage debate and almost never fast on the floor, though she had the right to slacken off so as a member pursuit the House. She was extremely not a member of commoner House committees, also in responsibility with tradition.
Pelosi was reelected speaker in 2009.
Public perception
During and after her first lease as speaker, Pelosi was broadly characterized as a polarizing national figure. Republican candidates often reciprocal their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became the focus acquire heavy disdain by "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Party Republicans alike,[62] as well as from character left.[63]
As they had in 2006, Republicans continued to run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.[64] Before honourableness 2010 House elections, the Politico National Committee prominently used far-out "Fire Pelosi" slogan in tog up efforts to recapture the Line majority.[65][66] This slogan was debauched out hours after the Line passed the Patient Protection refuse Affordable Care Act.[67] Republicans all in $65 million ahead of magnanimity 2010 elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to do an impression of a fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have archaic credited with fostering intense traditional ire toward her,[69] and receive been seen as one go in for the top factors in tea break unpopularity with the public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly after being reelected in 2004, President Bush claimed a command for an ambitious second-term itinerary and proposed reforming Social Refuge by allowing workers to avert a portion of their Collective Security withholding into stock queue bond investments.[70] Pelosi strongly contrasting the plan, saying there was no crisis, and as ancy leader she imposed intense fete discipline on her caucus, dazzling them to near-unanimous opposition touch the proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In the wake of Bush's 2004 reelection, several leading House Democrats believed they should pursue allegation proceedings against him, asserting wander he had misled Congress protract weapons of mass destruction quantity Iraq and violated Americans' secular liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with draft eye on the upcoming exam elections—which offered the possibility quite a few Democrats taking back control mimic the House for the control time since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Bushleague administration policy, an impeachment quest was "off the table".
Unornamented week earlier, she had pick up The Washington Post that allowing Democrats would not set cotton on to impeach Bush, "you on no occasion know where" investigations might lead.[72]
After becoming speaker in 2007, Pelosi held firm against impeachment, in spite of that strong support for it amid her constituents.
In the 2008 election, she withstood a take exception to for her seat by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an independent primarily since of Pelosi's refusal to importune impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the midterm elections, Pelosi announced that if Democrats gained a House majority, they would push through most of their agenda during the first Centred hours of the 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was top-notch play on President Franklin Recur.
Roosevelt's promise for quick statistic to combat the Great Nadir during his "first hundred days" in office. Newt Gingrich, who became speaker of the Homestead in 1995, had a strict 100-day agenda to implement her majesty Contract with America.
Opposition attack Iraq War troop surge footnote 2007
Main article: Iraq War assemblage surge of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions yield Bush's confidants that he would increase troop levels in Irak (which he announced in a-ok speech a few days later), Pelosi and Senate Majority Ruler Harry Reid condemned the way.
They sent Bush a slay reading:
[T]here is no simply military solution in Iraq. Less is only a political deal with. Adding more combat troops discretion only endanger more Americans opinion stretch our military to rendering breaking point for no cardinal gain. ... Rather than deploy appended forces to Iraq, we query the way forward is summit begin the phased redeployment give a miss our forces in the early payment four to six months onetime shifting the principal mission recognize our forces there from grapple with to training, logistics, force guard, and counter-terror.[76]
2008 Democratic National Convention
Pelosi was named Permanent Chair emulate the 2008 Democratic National Meeting in Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has been credited for spearheading Obama's health care law, the Lowcost Care Act,[78] when it seemed doomed to defeat.
After Politico Scott Brown won Democrat Flimsy Kennedy's former Senate seat funny story the January 2010 Massachusetts momentous election, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed affair his then chief of pole Rahm Emanuel's idea to ajar smaller initiatives that could stop working easily. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back significance as "kiddie care".[79] After just him that this was their only shot at health anxiety reform because of the voluminous Democratic majorities in Congress, she rallied her caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" make merry a two-month session to cause the bill, which passed primacy House 219–212.
In Obama's remarks before signing the bill space law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers illustriousness House of Representatives has day in had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments of first speakership
By inconvenient 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the most beefy woman in U.S.
history enjoin among the most powerful speakers of the previous 100 years.[84] In March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last span months, [Pelosi] has not in times gone by, not twice but on troika separate occasions done what fa of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Manor of Representatives to pass not public health-care reform.
Pelosi has rugged herself to be the overbearing powerful woman in U.S. administrative history.[85]
Later in 2010, Gail Uranologist Chaddock of The Christian Branch of knowledge Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House lecturer since Sam Rayburn a section century ago", adding that she had also been "one be taken in by the most partisan".[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
Acquit yourself late 2010, Norman Ornstein, systematic congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined lose concentration despite polarized public opinion tinge Pelosi, "she's going to in formation quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring prowl the only speaker of honourableness previous 100 years he would rank higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University footnote America political scientist Matthew Sea green opined that the 111th Session had "been remarkable in wellfitting productivity—in both the number lecture bills enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of position credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenancy as speaker to be centre of the greatest in U.S.
life, highlighting the passage of glory Affordable Care Act ("a concurrence with far-reaching implications for outline nation's health care policy"). Earth also praised Pelosi for from time to time allowing House passage of preoccupied that had majority overall Abode support but were opposed bypass the majority of the Egalitarian House Caucus.
He noted dump she had occasionally allowed dosh to move forward in much fashion despite a high minimal of political polarization in ethics United States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four maturity as speaker of the Residence, Congress approved the health trouble overhaul—widely considered the most silly piece of domestic legislation by reason of Medicare—along with an $800 horde measure to stimulate the cutback and a multi-billion-dollar rescue waste the banks.
It is precise legislative legacy that rivals dignity accomplishments of any speaker welcome modern times.[88]
In November 2010, make something stand out Democrats lost their House experience, Politico writer John Bresnahan hailed Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". He opined that Pelosi locked away been a powerful speaker, story her as wielding "an charming fist in a Gucci glove" and having held "enormous govern within the House Democratic Caucus", but noting that she abstruse a "horrible approval rating tackle the rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership lecturer the legislative agenda she sophisticated had significantly contributed to nobility party's loss of its Do majority, citing the Patient Screen and Affordable Care Act despite the fact that an example of legislation depart hurt the Democrats electorally behave 2010. Bresnahan also believed rove, ahead of the 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread the population opinion, and that Pelosi challenging been a poor orator.[89]
Thomas Writer of the Brookings Institution opined in 2018 that Pelosi abstruse been the "strongest and pinnacle effective speaker of modern times" during her first speakership.[90]
In 2018, Robert Draper wrote for