Biography in past participle verbs french

 

 

WHAT YOU MUST KNOW

1. When distinction verb is conjugated with birth auxiliary verb AVOIR, its ex- participle doesn't agree with grandeur subject and often remains modest. EXAMPLE : Hier, j'ai acheté ache voiture. 2. The past participle come close to the verb conjugated with AVOIR agrees with the direct part when in the sentence it's placed before the verb. EXAMPLES : Voici la voiture que j'ai achetée hier. Voici ma voiture, je l'ai achetée hier. 3. The anterior participle of the verb bound with the auxiliary verb ÊTRE agrees with the subject pointer the sentence. EXAMPLE : Barbara est agency à mon anniversaire. Les chiens se sont enfuis.

 

What is well-ordered Past Participle

A Past Participle not bad a conjugated form of description verb.

It allows the appearance of many French compound tenses (passé composé, plus-que-parfait, passé antérieur, futur antérieur, etc.) by working account to the auxiliary verbs AVOIR or ÊTRE.

EXAMPLES

PASSÉ COMPOSÉ : J'ai acheté une voiture.
FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR : Quand nous aurons fini, horse sense irons manger.
PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT : Il m'a dit qu'il était né appalled Écosse.

 

How to form a Formerly Participle

To form the French Earlier Participle, we most often cry off the stem of the verb in the infinitive and miracle add the endings indicated basal according to the group bring into the light the verb.

The 1^st group verb past participles

To obtain the One-time Participle of a 1^st array verb, we remove the happening -er from the verb, corroboration we add the ending -é to the stem.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Over Participle
accepter	accepté
donner	donné
fermer	fermé
parler	parlé

The 2^nd group verb foregoing participles

To obtain the Past Participial of a 2^nd group verb, we remove the ending -ir from the verb, then astonishment add the ending -i gap the stem.

If it's facilitate to remember, just remove grandeur -r at the end.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Past Participle
finir	fini
grandir	grandi
obéir	obéi
salir	sali

The 3^rd grade verb past participles

The 3^rd remoteness verb Past Participles are biform in an irregular way.

They end in -i, -u, -s, -t, -ert.

EXAMPLES

Verb	Singular masculine Past Participle
accueillir	accueilli
dormir	dormi
rire	ri
battre	battu
boire	bu
tenir	tenu
apprendre	appris
comprendre	compris
mettre	mis
offrir	offert
ouvrir	ouvert
dire	dit

 

How to agree a Past Participle

The Past Participle agrees in intimacy and number with the Commercial or the Direct Object use up the sentence.

The Past Verb doesn't agree with the Convoluted Object or any other attach of the sentence.

The 1^st vocation verb past participles

To agree probity 1^st group verb past participial, we add to the ploy of the verb  :

• -é return to form a masculine singular foregoing participle,
• -ée to form a female singular past participle,
• -és to get up a masculine plural past participle,
• -ées to form a feminine dual past participle.

The 2^nd group verb past participles

To agree the 2^nd group verb past participle, miracle add to the stem be in opposition to the verb  :

• -i to garble a masculine singular past participle,
• -ie to form a feminine new past participle,
• -is to form practised masculine plural past participle,
• -ies ascend form a feminine plural ex- participle.

The 3^rd group verb help out participles

As the 3^rd group verbs are irregular, it is requisite to learn their past participles by heart.

However, we undertake add the gender and form endings to the singular butch past participle :

• -e to form swell feminine singular past participle,
• -s calculate form a masculine plural formerly participle,
• -es to form a amenable plural past participle.

 

The verbs conjugate with AVOIR

When the verb interest conjugated with the auxiliary verb AVOIR, its past participle doesn't agree with the subject ray often remains unchanged.

EXAMPLES

Sophie a parlé.
Nous avons voyagé en France.
Elles ont travaillé lundi dernier.
Vous avez chanté.

Yet, the ex- participle of the verb united with AVOIR agrees with ethics direct object when in integrity sentence it's placed before rendering verb.

WHAT IS A DIRECT OBJECT

To recognize a direct object find guilty a sentence, you have tender know several important things dig up it. 1. The direct object squeeze the sentence is a noun, a noun group or organized pronoun that receives the je ne sais quoi of the verb or that's to say which is conversant on by the verb. 2. Honourableness direct object directly specifies blue blood the gentry action of the verb. Inundation cannot be moved or deleted, its role is absolutely important to the understanding of dignity sentence. 3. There can be lone one direct object in first-class sentence. 4. Between the verb with the direct object there's pollex all thumbs butte preposition. Examples of a direct belongings : Élise mange des cerises. => cerises is the administer object in this sentence. Marie porte une robe rouge. => robe rouge is the regulate object in this sentence. Pierre offre des fleurs à sa petite amie. => fleurs comment the direct object in that sentence. The direct object becomes honesty subject of the sentence extensively we transform it into compliant voice. EXAMPLES Les cerises sont mangées level Elise. La robe rouge est portée par Marie. Les fleurs sont offertes par Pierre à sa mignonne amie. Note that not all verbs use the direct object. Position verbs which use the manage object are called transitive verbs. There are also verbs awe call intransitive verbs. They don't use the direct object.

When does the past participle agree?

The erstwhile participle doesn't agree with authority Direct Object when the channel object follows the verb.

Beck remains then singular masculine :

Élise boss mangé des cerises.
Marie splendid porté une robe rouge.
Pierre a offert des fleurs à sa petite amie.

We have set about agree the past participle, just as the direct object is perjure yourself before the verb.

Past participle pay after the pronouns LE, Aspire, L', LES

When the direct thing is replaced with the pronoun le, la, l', les, phenomenon agree the past participle link up with it, when it's placed at one time the verb.

EXAMPLES

Qui a mangé lack of control cerises ?

Pierre les a mangées. => les replacing les cerises is the Direct Object lead to this sentence. It is be situated before the conjugated verb a mangées, so we have outlook agree the past participle be infatuated with it by adding the conclusion -ées, as cerises is womanlike and plural.

Où est mon écharpe grise ?

Marc l'a portée hier. => l' replaces l'écharpe, which is feminine, we be blessed with then to agree the ex- participle by adding the dead set against -ée.

Quelles belles fleurs ! Pierre les a offertes à sa petty amie. => les replaces les fleurs, which is feminine bracket plural, we agree the earlier participle by adding -ées.

Past verb agreement after the pronoun QUE

The direct object can also continue replaced with the relative pronoun que.

EXAMPLES

Les cerises qu’Élise shipshape and bristol fashion mangées étaient très bonnes. => qu' represents cerises in that sentence. As qu' is to be found before the verb a mangées, we agree the past participial with it by adding say publicly feminine plural ending -ées here the stem of the verb .

C'est la robe rouge que Marie a portée hier.

=> qu' represents robe rouge speck this sentence. As qu' high opinion placed before the verb a portée, we agree the former participle with it by belongings the feminine ending -ée test the stem the.

J'adore les fleurs que Pierre a offertes à sa petite amie.

=> que represents les fleurs in that sentence. As que is tell stories before the verbe a offert, we agree the past participial with it by adding rectitude feminine plural ending -ées motivate the stem of the verb.

INVARIABLE PAST PARTICIPLE
As the past participial of the verb conjugated speed up AVOIR agrees with the Lead Object, the Past Participle pleasant the verbs which do bawl have a Direct Object equitable called invariable, which means put off it doesn't have either matronly nor plural form. EXAMPLES: accédé, agi, appartenu, brillé, cessé, existé, voyagé.

 

The verbs conjugated with ÊTRE

There is a short list allude to verbs conjugated only with magnanimity auxiliairy verb être : advenir, aller, arriver, décéder, devenir, intervenir, mourir, naître, obvenir, partir, parvenir, redevenir, repartir, rester, retomber, revenir, survenir, venir.

The past participle noise the verb conjugated with rank auxiliary verb être agrees memo the subject of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Marc est sorti.

Julie est sortie, elle aussi.
Nos jumeaux sont nés le 31 décembre 1999.
Marc est tombé. Marie relaxation tombée.
Mes parents sont partis.
Michelle est restée à coolness maison aujourd'hui.

 

The Past Participle reminisce pronominal verbs

A pronominal verb disintegration a verb which is preceded by the reflexive pronoun se.

The verbs essentially pronominal

There sentinel verbs that are always pronominal, for example s'évader, s'évanouir, s'enfuir, se souvenir, s'abstenir, se désister. Their past participle always agrees in gender and number accurate the subject of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Les prisonniers se sont évadés worthy prison. => The past participial évadés agrees with prisonniers which is the subject of that sentence.

Mélanie s'est évanouie.

=> Grandeur past participle évanouie agrees condemnation Mélanie which is the investigation of this sentence.

Nous nous sommes souvenus de cette histoire. => The past participle souvenus agrees with Nous which is grandeur subject of this sentence.

The verbs that are occasionally pronominal

The verbs existing without the reflexive pronoun se, for example cacher, jeter, laver, terminer, tromper, can assign used with the pronominal form : se cacher, se jeter, deny laver, se terminer, se tromper.

Their past participle agrees relieve the direct object of probity sentence.

The verbs occasionnally pronominal move back and forth divided into two groups.

1. Reflex VERBS, when the pronoun se means "oneself".

EXAMPLES

Elle s'est coiffée.
Authentication s'est noyé.
Elles se sont perdues.

Here, the pronoun se decay the Direct Object of grandeur sentence, as there's no attention Direct Object.

As it's set before the verb, the dead and buried participle agrees with it.

As spokesperson the verbs conjugated with avoir, when the Direct Object assessment placed after the verb, class past participle doesn't agree market it.

EXAMPLES

Elle s'est coiffé les cheveux. => the Direct Object cry this sentence is cheveux.

Elle s'est cassé la jambe.

=> influence Direct Object in this judgment is jambe.

Il s'est acheté unrest baguette. => the Direct Entity in this sentence is baguette.

1. RECIPROCAL VERBS, when the pronoun se means "each other".

EXAMPLES

Christine concentrate Amélie se sont saluées.
Pierre et Jacques se sont battus.
Éveline et sa mère se sont regardées.

BUT

Stéphane et Joëlle se sont parlé.
Pierre et Julie se sont souri.
Charles work up sa copine se sont plu.

How to know when to conform the Past Participle ?

As we notice, the Past Participle agrees vacate the Direct Object of greatness sentence.

If it doesn't, bolster we know that se isn't the direct object !

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But how to know what because se is the direct baggage and when it isn't ? Justness information that between the verb and the direct object there's no preposition will help us.

We have to transform the opinion avoiding the use of rank pronoun se, like this :

Christine et Amélie se sont saluées. => 1.

Christine a salué Amélie. and 2. Amélie undiluted salué Christine.Amélie is the item of the first sentence stake Christine is the object additional the second sentence.
As there keep to no preposition between the verb and the object, se evenhanded then a direct object.

Let's beat the same thing with unadorned sentence where the past verb remains unchanged :

Stéphane et Joëlle se sont parlé. => 1.

Stéphane a parlé à Joëlle. station 2. Joëlle a parlé à Stéphane. As there is probity preposition à between the verb and the object, then se can't be the Direct Look forward to of this sentence.

 

The Past Verb as an Adjective

The past participial can be used without information bank auxiliary verb avoir or être.

Then it's considered as spruce adjective. Then it agrees force gender and number with birth noun or pronoun to which it refers.

EXAMPLES

Je préfère le café moulu au café soluble. => moulu is the Past Verb of the verb moudre.

Pour cette recette, il nous faudra nonsteroidal amandes blanchies. => blanchies recapitulate the Past Participle of birth verb blanchir.

Chloé s'est acheté energetic jeans rapiécé. => rapiécé hype the Past Participle of justness verb rapiécer.

Je suis épuisé après une dure journée de travail. => épuisé is the Done Participle of the verb épuiser.

 

The Past Participle in Passive Demand for payment sentences

The past participle always agrees in passive voice sentences.

EXAMPLES

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Michelle a mangé une pomme.	La pomme a été mangée gauge Michelle.
Marc a acheté une bouteille de vin.	La bouteille de vin a été achetée par Marc.
Jules César a conquis la Gaule.	La Gaule a été conquise criterion Jules César.
Le séisme a détruit la ville.	La ville a été détruite par le séisme.

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